![]() ![]() Timber rails wore rapidly: later, flat cast-iron plates were provided to limit the wear. Initially the wagons were guided by human muscle power subsequently by various mechanical methods. The earliest form of railway was a wooden wagonway, along which single wagons were manhandled, almost always in or from a mine or quarry. See also: Permanent way (history), Wagonway, and Plateway Deriving from the name of the bar, the distance between these rails is also referred to as the track gauge. The term derives from the "gauge", a metal bar with a precisely positioned lug at each end that track crews use to ensure the actual distance between the rails lies within tolerances of a prescribed standard: on curves, for example, the spacing is wider than normal. The most common use of the term "track gauge" refers to the transverse distance between the inside surfaces of the two load-bearing rails of a railway track, usually measured at 12.7 millimetres (0.50 inches) to 15.9 millimetres (0.63 inches) below the top of the rail head in order to clear worn corners and allow for rail heads having sloping sides. A structure gauge specifies the outline into which structures (bridges, platforms, lineside equipment etc.) must not encroach. A loading gauge is a two-dimensional profile that encompasses a cross-section of the track, a rail vehicle and a maximum-sized load: all rail vehicles and their loads must be contained in the corresponding envelope. Railways also deploy two other gauges to ensure compliance with a required standard. The term derives from the metal bar, or gauge, that is used to ensure the distance between the rails is correct. Since many different track gauges exist worldwide, gauge differences often present a barrier to wider operation on railway networks. All vehicles on a rail network must have wheelsets that are compatible with the track gauge. Need help with design, printing or mailing? Ask for a consultation.In rail transport, track gauge is the distance between the two rails of a railway track. Envelopes marked with asterisk (*) are too small to mail.Īlso called A-style, this contemporary square flap design is idea for photographs, greeting cards, small booklets, and promotional pieces. ![]() Square envelopes are nonstandard and require additional postage to mail.ĭeep pointed flap traditionally used for formal announcements and invitations. Square EnvelopesThis unusual shape attracts attention to contents. These envelopes can not be processed through inserting equipment or run through a laser printer. The open side allows for automatic insertion.Ĭenter seam makes this style more durable for mailing heavy-weight materials. This style is ideal for annual reports, brochures, sales materials, and more. Square flaps are contemporary, but not recommended for machine insertion. Wallet flaps provide a large area ideal for imprinting (used on remittance envelopes). Commercial and Side Seam flap styles are ideal for machine insertion. Widely used for business and personal correspondence. Pocket folder with bound in multi-page documentĬommercial Envelopes Business and Correspondence Envelopes Outside diameter: 116 mm, Hole area: 20 mm Postcard, largest to mail USPS Postcard rate Postcard, smallest to mail USPS Postcard rate
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Soon after the first committee meeting, Taylor, Morse, and Brown chose nine associates to join in creating the fraternity. By November 1913, they established a committee to develop what was to become Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity. Brown as the third member of the founding group. Morse had their initial conversation about starting a fraternity. Soon after, he started as a student at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Langston Taylor thought to establish a fraternity. In the summer of 1910, after a conversation with a recent Howard University graduate in Memphis, Tennessee, A. History Founding (1910–1916) The birthplace of SIGMA: the Twelfth Street YMCA Building in Washington, D.C. D., and the fraternity's headquarters are located at 145 Kennedy Street, NW, Washington, D.C. The current International President is Chris V. Phi Beta Sigma is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and a former member of the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). According to its Constitution, academically eligible male students of any race, religion, or national origin may join while enrolled at a college or university through collegiate chapters, or professional men may join through an alumni chapter if a college degree has been attained, along with a certain minimum number of earned credit hours. Although Phi Beta Sigma is considered a predominantly African-American fraternity, its membership includes college-educated men of African, Caucasian, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian descent. Today, the fraternity serves through a membership of more than 200,000 men in over 700 chapters in the United States, Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean. The fraternity expanded over a broad geographical area in a short amount of time when its second, third, and fourth chapters were chartered at Wiley College in Texas and Morgan State College in Maryland in 1916, and Kansas State University in 1917. It is the only fraternity to hold a constitutional bond with a historically African-American sorority, Zeta Phi Beta (ΖΦΒ), which was founded on January 16, 1920, at Howard University in Washington, D.C., through the efforts of members of Phi Beta Sigma. The fraternity exceeded the prevailing models of Black Greek-Letter fraternal organizations by being the first to establish alumni chapters, youth mentoring clubs, a federal credit union, chapters in Africa, and a collegiate chapter outside of the United States. ![]() Brown, wanted to organize a Greek letter fraternity that would exemplify the ideals of Brotherhood, Scholarship and Service while taking an inclusive perspective to serve the community as opposed to having an exclusive purpose. It was founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C., on January 9, 1914, by three young African-American male students with nine other Howard students as charter members. ( ΦΒΣ) is a historically African American fraternity. Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, founded in 1920 with the assistance of Phi Beta Sigma, is the sister organization of the Fraternity.Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. No longer a single entity, members of the Fraternity have been instrumental in the establishment of the Phi Beta Sigma National Foundation, the Phi Beta Sigma Federal Credit Union and The Sigma Beta Club Foundation. Today, Phi Beta Sigma has blossomed into an international organization of leaders. This deep conviction was mirrored in the Fraternity’s motto, “Culture For Service and Service For Humanity”. ![]() Rather than gaining skills to be utilized exclusively for themselves and their immediate families, they held a deep conviction that they should return their newly acquired skills to the communities from which they had come. They desired for their fraternity to exist as part of an even greater brotherhood which would be devoted to the “inclusive we” rather than the “exclusive we”.įrom its inception, the Founders also conceived Phi Beta Sigma as a mechanism to deliver services to the general community. They believed that each potential member should be judged by his own merits, rather than his family background or affluence…without regard to race, nationality, skin tone or texture of hair. The Founders deeply wished to create an organization that viewed itself as “a part of” the general community rather than “apart from” the general community. Brown, wanted to organize a Greek letter fraternity that would truly exemplify the ideals of brotherhood, scholarship, and service. Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity was founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C., January 9, 1914, by three young African-American male students. ![]() Political Campaigns in HomedaleĪs an experienced charter bus company, having done so many political campaign, we have the knowledge and experience to manage your next political campaign. We also do charter services to Sight, The Holy Land, and Sound and Noah’s Ark. Over the years we have worked with major organization such as Salvation, Army, Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, Potter’s House, Focus on the Family and Campus Crusade For Christ. We will also help you find a retreat center, if you are looking for one. If you are planning for a youth retreat or a church conference, we will be happy to work with you and make your trip a memorable one. We have helped numerous religious organizations with camps and retreats in the past. Religious organizations, especially churches often look for a reliable partner for transportation for conferences, retreats and other events. Our seasoned staff with core understanding of the needs of the teachers and coaches, we can be a partner in your travel. ![]() Finding a coach bus or school bus for a last minute trip can be tedious and time consuming. Field trip planning requires finding the right charter bus company and more importantly a reliable and approved service provider for your school. This is especially true of public schools. ĭue to budget constraints, schools are always on the lookout for cheaper options for transporting children to field trips. If your group size is over 1,000, a team of travel planners will be assigned the task and we'll make sure all goes well without a hitch. A travel coordinator will be assigned you and that person will in charge of planning, executing the travel arrangements. Our fleet consists of luxury sedans, vans, mini buses, coach buses, school buses and executive buses.įrom the beginning, we will work with you. Armed with a team of professionals and coupled with cutting edge technology, we will be able to do a superb job on your travel plans. When it comes to corporate travel management, it has to be done meticulously as well as economically. Whether you are holding a sales conference or shareholders meeting we do it with perfection. Picking your employees from airport to shuttling large groups to and from large events, we do it all very effectively and efficiently. A Major portion of our business is corporate travel and travel management services. We have great reputation for having managed many corporate events throughout the country. We excel in ground transportation management for corporate clients and private events. It involves many variables such as number of people, frequency of the service etc. ![]() Planning the ground transportation can be even more difficult. Planning a corporate retreat or conference in Homedale can often be a tedious task. Ninety per cent of our business is repeat customers. Over the years we were able to build the trust of thousands of our customers. Our charter booking process is simple and our staff are easy to work with. We guarantee the best possible charter bus rates. If you need a charter bus for hire please contact us. Ranked as the premier leader in ground transportation services in United States and Canada over last 25 years my many credible agencies, provides all types of ground transportation services such as mini bus, coach bus, charter bus, school bus and executive charter bus rental in Homedale area. Finding a reliable transportation service provider in Homedale area is always a challenge for corporations and for private individuals. ![]() While it may be tempting to stay up late or sleep in on weekends and other days off, research has shown that an inconsistent sleep-wake schedule affects people’s circadian rhythms. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. However, people should talk to their doctors if they think a medical condition or medication is interfering with their sleep. In some cases, sleepers can make simple changes on their own. People can also cut out or limit things that make it harder for them to get deep sleep. As a result, sleep habits that help people fall asleep faster may also help them to get more deep sleep naturally. Most deep sleep happens in the first hour or two of sleep. The best way to get more deep sleep is to get enough total hours of sleep and to follow evidence-based tips for healthy sleep. Read our full Advertising Disclosure for more information. Although Sleep Foundation maintains affiliate partnerships with brands and e-commerce portals, these relationships never have any bearing on our product reviews or recommendations.Writers and editors caught stealing content or improperly citing sources are immediately terminated, and we will work to rectify the situation with the original publisher(s) Inaccurate or unverifiable information will be removed prior to publication. A member of our medical expert team provides a final review of the content and sources cited for every guide, article, and product review concerning medical- and health-related topics.These internal links are intended to improve ease of navigation across the site, and are never used as original sources for scientific data or information. Some guides and articles feature links to other relevant Sleep Foundation pages.Each guide and article includes a comprehensive bibliography with full citations and links to the original sources. All scientific data and information must be backed up by at least one reputable source.These include peer-reviewed journals, government reports, academic and medical associations, and interviews with credentialed medical experts and practitioners. We only cite reputable sources when researching our guides and articles.The Sleep Foundation fact-checking guidelines are as follows: Our editors and medical experts rigorously evaluate every article and guide to ensure the information is factual, up-to-date, and free of bias. If you would like to learn more about the sleep stages, tap Understanding Sleep Stages on the Sleep category page in the Health app.The Sleep Foundation editorial team is dedicated to providing content that meets the highest standards for accuracy and objectivity. In between, you'll see around when you entered each stage of sleep. The bottom of the chart shows what time you went to sleep and when you woke up in the morning. During this stage, you will likely be so relaxed that you might have difficulty waking up. Deep sleep is when your body repairs tissue and releases necessary hormones.This stage is when certain brain waves occur that are important to cognitive function. Core sleep, also called light sleep, is the stage you will likely see the most amount of time for in the chart.This is also usually when you have most of your dreams. This stage of sleep is when your body is at its most relaxed, and your eyes move from side to side. Waking up and falling right back asleep is normal, and you might not even remember it happening, but your Apple Watch does. Awake is the time that you spend awake throughout the night.They each start out with a single quiet sound and gradually get louder while adding other sounds into the mix, making your morning Wake Up less startling. While the Clock app uses loud and abrupt sounds, the sounds available for the Wake Up alarm are designed to gently bring you out of a deep sleep. The first noticeable difference is the sound you can choose for your Wake Up alarm. The Wake Up alarm works slightly differently than the other alarms that you set with the Clock app. You can also choose to enable an alarm for your Wake Up time. When setting up your Sleep Schedule, you can select a Bedtime and a Wake Up time. This will be used to configure your Sleep Focus. Follow the on-screen prompts, including setting your Sleep Goal, and a Sleep Schedule. If this is your first time opening the Sleep app, you’ll see a few explanations of how this app works. If you’re using your Apple Watch, the first thing you’ll need to do is head over to the Sleep app on your Apple Watch. |